Supracardinal v's paired vessels within the embryo acquiring afterwards compared to the subcardinal veins and persisting chiefly as the reduced section of your inferior vena cava. Accessibility is most commonly obtained through the placement of a central venous catheter, a Seldinger approach, and advice applications which include ultrasound and fluoroscopy http://sgvascularctr.com/understanding-venous-leak-treatment-in-singapore/